წინადადების არამთავარ წევრთა კლასიფიკაციისათვის ქართულში

ანოტაცია

The guiding principle of scientific research is the principle of homogeneity, which serves as the foundation for methodological immanentism: a concept must include only those features that are immanent to the object being described, that is, intrinsically characteristic of the object under investigation (Chikobava). The notion of “sentence member” is a syntactic concept and, in accordance with the principle of methodological immanentism, should be defined by clear and reliable syntactic criteria. The key criterion here is the type of syntactic dependency, which determines the essence of syntactic relations. We propose using this type of dependency as a classificatory feature, which must satisfy the hierarchical requirements of linguistic analysis and adhere to the principle of homogeneity. It is crucial to identify the precise nature of syntactic dependency between elements of a syntactic pair in order to select an exact criterion for determining sentence member status. Functional analysis of a sentence is as necessary as descriptive analysis of semantic categories; but such analysis should be carried out separately. It cannot replace the analysis of the structure of a syntagm: what does this or that member of the sentence express, its classification according to semasiological signs - is necessary and important; however, for the definition of a specific syntactic concept or category, the main classification sign should be syntactic, and not taken from the field of morphology or semasiology. Based on the types of syntactic dependency found in Georgian, we argue that sentence members should be classified strictly according to syntactic features as follows: main sentence members – (1) predicate, (2) subject, (3) direct object, (4) indirect object – (5) determiners, with two subtypes: (a) agreed determiner – found in three case forms, (b) governed determiner – selected by the head noun in the nominative (for vowel-stem modifiers) and genitive (so-called “substantive”) case forms; peripheral sentence members – (6) adverbial (in all other cases, regardless of semasiological variety), and (7) simple modifier.